Inductive bond.



No. 825,538. PATENTED JULY 10, 1906. L. F. HOWARD & P. B. RICE.

INDUGTIVE BEND.

APPLICATION rum) man, 1906.

' tor a. The purpose of the lamineted ifiin sheath, the sections of which are at right LEMUEL FREDERIO HOWARD,

or enonwoon, AND PHILIPVBERNARD RiUE, OF WILKINSBURG PEE 'NSYLVANIA, 'ASSIGNORS TO THE UNIGN SWITCH AND SIGNAL COMPANY, OF A GORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

SWISSYALE, PENNSYLVANIA;

INDUGTIVE Bonn.

825,!338. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 10, 1906,

Application filed March 2, 1905. Serial Fri 993398.

'5. diegremmeticel 'Wey, a portion of the used to form part of the return path or eon-g ductor for the car-propulsion current end in which inductive bonds are employed for eon ducting the car-propulsion current around insulation-points. 7

We will describe an inductive hoiid'ern' hodying our invention and eii-eieetrie railway v using inductive bonds in the treckwey tor-the:

purposes stated, also emhodyin our invention, and then point out our invention in oieims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is (power-circuit for the PI'OpHISIOH-GHITGIIQ an played in the treckwey and embodying our invention. Fig. 2 is eview simiier to 1g.

1' but illustrating adifi'erent arrangement of the conductors of the inductive bonds. Fig. 3 is e die, emmeticel plan view of an inductive hon embodying our invention; Fig. 4 is a deteil vertic'e sectional view taken on the line 4 4 of Fi '3 and drawn to a larger scale.

Similerre erenoe characters designate corres ending parts in all of the figures. V

inductive bond A embodying uterinevention comprises a non-magneticsubstance a and a magnetic suhstenceo', one incloeed by the other. Preferably the non-magnetic" substance will be inolosed by the magnetic substance.

beinieemployed between the two and tween parallel portions'of the condim- W sheath en pass '1; posite directions view of a portion of a. railinductive bonds emtors in the some More specifically epeeiqngrei bond embed g our invention comprises conductor 0 copper o, inelosed by a lerni noted iron sheath 'aysuitable insulation ford a path of high permeability for the magnetic lines of force produced or generated by a current or ourrents flowing in the copper conductor o The cross-section of the copper conductor is immaterial, and eme etio ineteriel other than iron may be emp oyed "forthe sheath.

be employed to conduct one ehereeter of current with a minimum im edence and simultaneously another or di erent eharaoter of ounent with a maximum of impedence', we errange portions of the 'eopp'er eenduetor in parallel and close together with insulation between them and inolos'e these arelleled 'rtions b the some metellicend emineted one character of current in H through the parallel porf't ons of the copper conductor and the other "of different character of current through the parallel portions in the some direction In. other words, we employ the well'lmown prinoiple in the construction of our bond-to wit, that when a current of rapidly-varying value flows through twoconductors laid parallel to each other in opposite directions the impedence' ofiered to the current by 'theeonduotors is a minimum, while a. current of rapidlyverying value flowing through the conducdirection meets with 31mmmum impedenee. The laminated iron sheath common to both conductors afiords a path of produced by the current owing in the conduster-s and this path heinilof lower reluctencethen eir enables the es of forceto more'readily combine or flow-in the some direction or to oppose each other whenfiowing in opposite or reverse directions The magnetic action 0;. the propulsion-current on the .sheath (either direct or eltemating) is rendered smoll in the form of hand herein dehy passing it through the parallel iohskof the conduetorjin oppositedirecthus making 7 i V epf the full value of the permeability of the irolftog'ive the inductive re-= sistence to 1 through the the same direction.

*iow reluctance for the ma%netie1ines of force it possible to take edvem the Si 'iin'gcurrent flowing perellel grts of the conductor in If the bond embodying our invention is to A hand composed of the meteriels and constructed upon the lines hereinbefore set forth is of particular advantage on electric railways where the traffic-rails are divided by insulation to form block-sections and the trackrails of the railway form art of or are included in the return-path f r the car-propulsion current. In this use the car-propulsion current flows in one direction along the trackrails in its return to the powerenerator, while the signaling-current for eac block-section flows in opposite or reverse directions. The inductive bonds in this instance serve to conduct the carpropulsion current from the track-rails of one block-section to the trackrails of an adjacent block-section, and as it is connected across the track-rails of a block-sew tion it has to offer considerable impedance to the flow through it of the signaling-current, which generally is an alternatin current, and thereby avoidin a short circuit for the signalin --current 0 its block-section.

Re erring now to Figs. 1 and 2, Bdesignates a portion of an electric railway, both trackrails of which are divided at points b insulation 6 to form block-sections. X, and Z designate three such block-sections, the trackrails thereof being designated by w w,'y y, and z 2. C designates a generator for generating propulsion -current, (either direct or alternating current,) and c a feeder-conductor, trolley, or third rail extending along the line of the railway. One pole of the generator C is connec ted with the conductor 0 in the usual manner, and the other pole of the generator is connected with the track railsof the railway in the usual manner. As shown, a conductor 0 extends from the generator C to a middle Emit of the conductor of an inductive bond. designatesa nerator of alternating signalhug-current an cl d conductors of the feeder- .circuit extending therefrom. E E, &c.

designate step-down transformers, one being provided for each block-section to supply alternating signaling-current to the track-cir- This is all well understood in the art and will not be described further. Each trackc1rcuit is provided with the usual track-relays, (not shown,) and the relays may control in any well-known or understood manner one or more of the circuits comprised in a signaling system which we have not deemed necessary to illustrate. The altemating signaling-current for each blocksection is confined thereto by the insulations b,.located at the ends of the track-rai ls of the block -seetions. At each end of a blocksection we locate aninductive bondfor example, an inductive bond of the general type hereinbefore described. The ends of a conductor of an inductive bond are electrically connected with the two trackrails of a blocksection, and a suitable conductor F electrically connects the middle points of the conductors comprised in two adjacent inductive bonds. Instead of a conductor F the middle flow of the car-propulsion current along the track-rails and through the inductive bonds is indicated by the plain arrows, while the direction of flow of the alternating signalingcurrent along the track-rails of a block-section and throu h the conductors of the inductive bonds or the block-section is illustrated b the feathered arrows. The direction of fl ow of the alternating signaling-current in alternate block-sections may be same, if desired. This is immaterial, as is the arrangement of the transformer in the trackcircuit and the form of relay employed.

It will be seen from an examination of Figs. 1 and 2 that the direction of flow of the proulsion-current through a conductor of a 0nd is in opposite or reverse directions through the two halves thereof, and especially is this true of the parallel portions, which in Fi s. 1 and 2 I have designated a (i thereby re ucing to a minimum the impedance offered by the inductive bond to the propulsion-current. Time is true irrespective of Whether the pro ulsion-current be alternating or direct. he alternating signalingcurrent, however, such of it as flows through the conductor of an inductive bond flows in the same direction through the parallel portions, thereby offering the maximum impedance of the inductive bond to the flow of an alternating signaling-current through it.

What we claim as our invention is- 1. An inductive bond comprising a conducto! havin parallel portions and inclosed by a laminated magnetic material.

2. An inductive bond comprising a conductor having parallel portions, a laminated magnetic covering for said parallel conductor, the laminated magnetic covering along the parallel portions being common to both portions.

3. The combination with a railway, both track-rails of which are divided by insulation to form block-sections, of an inductive bond located at the end of each block-section, comprising a conductor and a laminated magnetic covering therefor, and an electrical connection between the middle points of adjacent conductors, each conductor having parallel ortions and connected with "the trackq'ai s of a block-section to pass one character of current inopposite directions through current in the same direction throughparellol portions. r V

4. The combination with a railway both track-rails of which are divided byinsulation to form block-sections, of an inductive bond provided at each end of a block-section and adjacent bonds electrically connected together by a smgle connection, each inductive 0nd comprising a conductor and a laminated magnetic covering for the conductor, each conductor bein connected with the trackrails' of its bloc -section and having parallel portions through which eurrentof one character passes in opposite directions and a current of a different character nasses in the same direction.

5. The combination with a railway, the track-rails of which are divided by insulation to form block-sections, inductive bonds at insulationoints for passing ropulsion-current and o ering a path of higli impedance to an alternating signaling-current, each of said inductive bonds comprisin a conductor and a magnetic sheath, the con uctor having parallel ortions inclosed by the same metallic sheath, such conductor being connected with the track-rails to pass the propulsion-current in opposite directions through the parallel portions and the alternatin signaling-current in the same directions t ough the parsllel portions.

6. A11 inductive bond comprising aconductor having arallel portions inclosed by the same meta 1c sheath.

7. The combination with a railway, both track-rails of which are divided by insulation to form. block-sections, a power-circuit of which the traflic-rails form a part and conduct the power-current in one direction, an alternating signaling-current for each blocksection and inductive bonds connected with the traclerails at or near insulation-points and adjacent bonds electrically connected together, each comprising a conductor having arallel portions inclosed by the same metal ic sheath, the parallel portions being arranged to conduct the repulsion-current in op osite directions an the alternating signa ing-cnrrent in the same directions.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribed witnesses.

LEMUEL FREDERIG HOWARD. V PHlLIl BERNARD RICE.

Witnesses:

D. J. McCAaTnY, W. L. MCDAMEL. 

